In 1808 Peel became the first Oxford student to take a double first in Classics and Mathematics. His tutor was Charles Lloyd, later Regius Professor of Divinity, on Peel's recommendation appointed Bishop of Oxford. In 1805, Peel matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford. He was later MP for the university, 1817–1829. Ĭhrist Church, Oxford, which Peel attended 1805–1808, graduating with a double first. On Harrow's Speech Day in 1804, Peel and Byron acted part of Virgil's Aeneid, Peel playing Turnus and Byron playing Latinus. Īt Harrow, he was a contemporary of Lord Byron, who recalled of Peel that "we were on good terms" and that "I was always in scrapes, and he never". He started at Harrow School in February 1800. He may also have attended Bury Grammar School or Hipperholme Grammar School, though evidence for either is anecdotal rather than textual. Peel received his early education from a clergyman tutor in Bury and at a clergyman's local school in Tamworth. The family moved from Lancashire to Drayton Manor near Tamworth, Staffordshire the manor house has since been demolished, and the site occupied by Drayton Manor Theme Park. His father was one of the richest textile manufacturers of the early Industrial Revolution. Peel was born at Chamber Hall, Bury, Lancashire, to the industrialist and parliamentarian Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet, and his wife Ellen Yates. He carried Catholic Emancipation he repealed the Corn Laws he created the modern Conservative Party on the ruins of the old Toryism." Early life Taylor wrote: "Peel was in the first rank of 19th-century statesmen. This happened with the Test Act, Catholic Emancipation, the Reform Act, income tax and, most notably, the repeal of the Corn Laws. Peel often started from a traditional Tory position in opposition to a measure, then reversed his stance and became the leader in supporting liberal legislation. Peel remained an influential MP and leader of the Peelite faction until his death in 1850. After the outbreak of the Great Irish Famine, his decision to join with Whigs and Radicals to repeal the Corn Laws led to his resignation as Prime Minister in 1846. Peel's government was weakened by anti-Catholic sentiment following the controversial increase in the Maynooth Grant of 1845. His government's major legislation included the Mines and Collieries Act 1842, the Income Tax Act 1842, the Factories Act 1844 and the Railway Regulation Act 1844. He played a central role in making free trade a reality and set up a modern banking system. He cut tariffs to stimulate trade, replacing the lost revenue with a 3% income tax. His second government ruled for five years. Peel became Prime Minister again after the 1841 general election. After only four months, his government collapsed and he served as Leader of the Opposition during Melbourne's second government (1835–1841). His first ministry was a minority government, dependent on Whig support and with Peel serving as his own Chancellor of the Exchequer. Peel issued the Tamworth Manifesto (December 1834), laying down the principles upon which the modern British Conservative Party is based. Īfter being in Opposition from 1830 to 1834, he became Prime Minister in November 1834. Initially, a supporter of continued legal discrimination against Catholics, Peel reversed himself and supported the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 and the 1828 repeal of the Test Act, claiming that "though emancipation was a great danger, civil strife was a greater danger". After a brief period out of office he returned as Home Secretary under his political mentor the Duke of Wellington (1828–1830), also serving as Leader of the House of Commons. Peel entered the Cabinet as Home Secretary (1822–1827), where he reformed and liberalised the criminal law and created the modern police force, leading to a new type of officer known in tribute to him as "bobbies" and "peelers". He entered the House of Commons in 1809, and became a rising star in the Tory Party. He earned a double first in classics and mathematics from Christ Church, Oxford. The son of a wealthy textile manufacturer and politician, Peel was the first prime minister from an industrial business background. Peel was one of the founders of the modern Conservative Party. He is regarded as the father of modern British policing, owing to his founding of the Metropolitan Police Service. Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet FRS (5 February 1788 – 2 July 1850) was a British Conservative statesman who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834–18–1846) simultaneously serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1834–1835) and twice as Home Secretary (1822–18–1830).
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